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Hours of interviews between Jeffrey Epstein associate Ghislaine Maxwell and a federal prosecutor were released by the Department of Justice on Friday afternoon. 

During the recorded sessions in which the convicted sex offender, who was found guilty for her role in Epstein’s crimes, was granted immunity, she made several interesting claims. 

Here are 10 top takeaways. 

Claims there is no client list

Maxwell denied the existence of a black book with Epstein’s clients on it – and least to her knowledge. 

‘There is no list,’ she told Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche. 

Maxwell said she believed the origin of rumors that there was a list came in 2009 after Epstein had finished a 13-month sex trafficking sentence in Florida, and a lawyer at Rothstein Adler involved in a civil suit against him called the FBI to say he had a ‘piece of evidence’ that belongs to Epstein.

That was ‘the list,’ she claimed, adding that she believes he became a confidential informant to the FBI.

She said he obtained the list through a sting operation involving Epstein’s former butler, who said in a deposition he had ‘handwritten notes, or a journal, whatever.’ 

Doesn’t believe Epstein killed himself

Maxwell said she doesn’t believe Epstein killed himself when he was found hanging in his New York jail cell in 2019. 

‘I do not believe he died by suicide, no,’ she told Blanche when asked. 

She added that she didn’t have any speculation about who could have killed him, but claimed the U.S. Bureau of Prisons is rife with mismanagement. 

‘If it is indeed murder, I believe it was an internal situation,’ she said, adding she didn’t believe his death was a way to silence him. 

‘I do not have any reason to believe that,’ she told Blanche. ‘And I also think it’s ludicrous because if that – I also happen to think if that is what they wanted, they would’ve had plenty of opportunity when he wasn’t in jail. And if they were worried about blackmail or anything from him, he would’ve been a very easy target.’

Never saw President Donald Trump do anything inappropriate

Maxwell said while she believes President Trump (before he was president) and Epstein were friendly, she didn’t think they were ‘close.’

‘I think they were friendly, like people are in social settings. I don’t — I don’t think they were close friends or I certainly never witnessed the president in any of — I don’t recall ever seeing him in his house, for instance.’ she said. ‘I actually never saw the president in any type of massage setting.’

She added, ‘I never witnessed the president in any inappropriate setting in any way. The president was never inappropriate with anybody. In the times that I was with him, he was a gentleman in all respects.’ 

Former President Bill Clinton never went to Epstein’s island 

Maxwell claimed that former President Bill Clinton, whose name has previously been linked to Epstein, ‘absolutely never went’ to Epstein’s Caribbean island where sex trafficking of young girls took place. 

She added, ‘I can be sure of that because there’s no way he would’ve gone – I don’t believe there’s any way that he would’ve gone to the island, had I not been there. Because I don’t believe he had 16 an independent friendship, if you will, with Epstein.’ 

She also said that Clinton was her friend, not Epstein’s, and that she knew him through the Clinton Global Initiative and was part of the inception of the organization. 

Calls Epstein ‘disgusting,’ but doesn’t believe he’s guilty of everything he was accused of 

Maxwell called Epstein ‘disgusting’ in the interview but said she doesn’t believe he was guilty of all the accusations. 

‘I do believe that Epstein did a lot of, not all, but some of what he’s accused of, and I’m not here to defend him in any respect whatsoever,’ Maxwell told Blanche. ‘I don’t want to, and I don’t think he requires, nor deserves any type of protection or – from me in any way, to sugarcoat what he did or didn’t do.’

She added, ‘This is one man. He’s not some – they’ve made him into this – he’s not that interesting. He’s a disgusting guy who did terrible things to young kids.’

Never saw Prince Andrew do anything inappropriate and believes the photo of him with accuser Virginia Giuffre is fake

Maxwell told Blanche that she also never saw Prince Andrew do anything inappropriate while she was with him, adding that she believes the infamous photo of the prince with his hand around accuser Virginia Giuffre when she was 17 isn’t real. 

‘I believe it’s literally a fake photo,’ she said of the picture, purported to have been taken at her former London townhouse. ‘I do not know that they met.’

Giuffre died of suicide earlier this year. She had accused the royal of forcing her into sex inside Maxwell’s home in London’s ritzy Belgravia neighborhood. The prince was relieved of his royal duties amid fallout from the scandal but has always denied allegations of wrongdoing. He agreed to pay Giuffre an undisclosed settlement in 2022 and to donate to her charity for crime victims.

Maxwells claims she has memory problems after being on suicide watch for 2 years

Maxwell claimed to Blanche her ‘memory’s not as good as it was’ because she was kept on suicide watch at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn after her arrest for nearly two years, and she was woken up every 15 minutes. 

She said because of her memory lapses she had taken notes before the interviews, and throughout the interview still struggled to recall many details. 

Claims Epstein had a heart condition and told her he couldn’t have sex often

Maxwell said that when she traveled with Epstein, they slept in the same bed, but he told her he had a heart condition and couldn’t have sex frequently. 

‘Which meant that he didn’t have intercourse a lot, which suited me fine, because I actually do have a medical condition, which precludes me having a lot of intercourse,’ she told Blanche. 

She added that she didn’t know the exact nature of the condition, but he liked ‘other forms of sexual activities.’

Claims Epstein never loved her and said she wasn’t his type and that he told people to lie to her 

Maxwell told Blanche she and Epstein had a friends with benefits relationship while she was working with him, but at one point Epstein said that one of his associates didn’t want to be seen with her too much because of her father’s company’s embezzlement accusations. 

But she said she believed that was all a ruse just to keep her from traveling with Epstein. 

‘Today – not contemporaneously, but today I don’t believe that that’s even true. I think it was used as a means to not have me travel with him to Ohio or whatever. It was just a way to park me,’ she said.

She added that after her arrest during the legal discovery process she saw evidence that ‘he would actively tell other people to lie to me or conceal things from me, and that he never loved me and I wasn’t his type.’ 

Claims Epstein took testosterone, which altered his character 

Maxwell also claimed that in the late ‘90s, Epstein started taking testosterone, ‘and that altered his character.’

While discussing the frequency at which he got sexual massages, she said the testosterone both made him more ‘aggressive’ and she thought it likely ‘altered his desires.’

Maxwell is serving a 20-year prison sentence for sex trafficking of minors. 

This post appeared first on FOX NEWS

Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson criticized on Thursday what she said were the ‘recent tendencies’ of the Supreme Court to side with the Trump administration, providing her remarks in a bitter dissent in a case related to National Institutes of Health grants.

Jackson, a Biden appointee, rebuked her colleagues for ‘lawmaking’ on the shadow docket, where an unusual volume of fast, preliminary decision-making has taken place related to the hundreds of lawsuits President Donald Trump’s administration has faced.

‘This is Calvinball jurisprudence with a twist. Calvinball has only one rule: There are no fixed rules. We seem to have two: that one, and this Administration always wins,’ Jackson wrote.

The liberal justice pointed to the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of Calvinball, which describes it as the practice of applying rules inconsistently for self-serving purposes.

Jackson, the high court’s most junior justice, said the majority ‘[bent] over backwards to accommodate’ the Trump administration by allowing the NIH to cancel about $783 million in grants that did not align with the administration’s priorities.

Some of the grants were geared toward research on diversity, equity and inclusion; COVID-19; and gender identity. Jackson argued the grants went far beyond that and that ‘life-saving biomedical research’ was at stake.

‘So, unfortunately, this newest entry in the Court’s quest to make way for the Executive Branch has real consequences, for the law and for the public,’ Jackson wrote.

The Supreme Court’s decision was fractured and only a partial victory for the Trump administration.

In a 5-4 decision greenlighting, for now, the NIH’s existing grant cancellations, Chief Justice John Roberts sided with the three liberal justices. In a second 5-4 decision that keeps a lower court’s block on the NIH’s directives about the grants intact, Justice Amy Coney Barrett, a Trump appointee, sided with Roberts and the three liberals. The latter portion of the ruling could hinder the NIH’s ability to cancel future grants.

The varying opinions by the justices came out to 36 pages total, which is lengthy relative to other emergency rulings. Jackson’s dissent made up more than half of that.

George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley observed in an op-ed last month a rise in ‘rhetoric’ from Jackson, who garnered a reputation as the most vocal justice during oral arguments upon her ascension to the high court.

‘The histrionic and hyperbolic rhetoric has increased in Jackson’s opinions, which at times portray her colleagues as abandoning not just the Constitution but democracy itself,’ Turley said.

Barrett had sharp words for Jackson in a recent highly anticipated decision in which the Supreme Court blocked lower courts from imposing universal injunctions on the government. Barrett accused Jackson of subscribing to an ‘imperial judiciary’ and instructed people not to ‘dwell’ on her colleague’s dissent.

Barrett, the lone justice to issue the split decision in the NIH case, said challenges to the grants should be brought by the grant recipients in the Court of Federal Claims.

But Barrett said ‘both law and logic’ support that the federal court in Massachusetts does have the authority to review challenges to the guidance the NIH issued about grant money. Barrett joined Jackson and the other three in denying that portion of the Trump administration’s request, though she said she would not weigh in at this early stage on the merits of the case as it proceeds through the lower courts.

Jackson was dissatisfied with this partial denial of the Trump administration’s request, saying it was the high court’s way of preserving the ‘mirage of judicial review while eliminating its purpose: to remedy harms.’

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As the 11th member of former President Joe Biden’s administration appeared before the House Oversight Committee this week, Fox News Digital asked senators on Capitol Hill if former Vice President Kamala Harris should testify next. 

‘I think they should take her behind closed doors and figure out what she knows and what she’s willing to talk about,’ Sen. Roger Marshall, R-Kan., said. 

House Oversight Committee Chair James Comer, R-Ky., is leading the investigation into the alleged cover-up of Biden’s cognitive decline and use of the autopen during his tenure as president. 

Comer said on Fox News’ ‘The Ingraham Angle’ last month that the ‘odds’ of Harris getting a subpoena to appear before the House Oversight Committee are ‘very high.’ 

While Marshall told Fox News Digital that Harris should testify, he admitted, ‘I don’t think you need her testimony to show Americans what I knew as a physician a long time ago, that Joe Biden had a neurodegenerative disease of some sort.’

Marshall has a medical degree from the University of Kansas and practiced medicine for more than 25 years before running for public office. 

‘All you had to do is look at his very fixed, flat face,’ Marshall explained. ‘Look at his gait, the way he walked. He had a shuffled walk. He didn’t move his arms, hardly at all. When he talked, it was very monotone, a very soft voice. He had malingering thought processes. I don’t think it took much to figure that out.’

After listing the former president’s symptoms, the Kansas senator lamented that Biden ‘turned weakness into war,’ creating a national security threat. 

During Biden’s presidency, the United States’ withdrawal from Afghanistan resulted in the death of 13 U.S. soldiers, Russia invaded Ukraine and Hamas attacked Israel, triggering the ongoing war in Gaza.

But as Republicans demand transparency, Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., told Fox News Digital that he is far more worried about the ‘challenges we face right now,’ particularly on the economy, inflation and the impact of Trump’s tariff policies. 

Meanwhile, Sen. John Hoeven R-N.D., defended the accountability argument, telling Fox News Digital that Americans ‘always want more information and more transparency.’

‘If you’re involved in an administration, you [should] always be willing to come in and say what you did and why you did it, and you know what it’s all about. I mean, that’s how it works, and that’s what the American people want,’ he said. 

Fox News Digital reached out to Biden and Harris for comment but did not immediately receive a response. 

Fox News Digital’s Elizabeth Elkind contributed to this report. 

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Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, the chain of southern-style restaurants with a gift shop that lines highways across America, has gotten a makeover. Their logo has lost the ‘Old Country Store’ tagline, as well as the iconic man in a chair resting his arm on a barrel in favor of the words Cracker Barrel in text only. Inside, per patron videos of remodeled locations, gone is the dark nostalgic feel replaced with a sterile renovation. The knick-knacks have gone from quirky kitsch from yesteryear to something you might see in a suburban craft store. 

While the company’s CEO has said that initial reaction to these changes was positive, the verdict across social media was very much the opposite. The new look removes the old-school charm and character that was central to the brand’s identity for decades. 

Cracker Barrel is just the latest in a string of companies, including Jaguar more recently and even Coca-Cola in the mid-’80s with their New Coke rollout, to violate the critical principle of making sure that you do not alienate your loyal customer base. 

I wear many hats in business and have more than 20 years of experience as an advocate for loyal customers and clients in business, working in an outsourced CCO (Chief Customer Officer) function and sharing my proprietary customer loyalty models via speeches and consulting with both the biggest companies in the world and a variety of small and mid-sized businesses. And I firmly believe that one of a company’s most important assets isn’t listed on its balance sheet: the company’s loyal customers. 

Loyal customers are easier to sell more to, both in frequency of purchases and upsells, because they already love your business and have often given you permission to communicate with them and build a relationship. They are also excellent advocates for generating new business via their own advertising efforts — word of mouth, posts on social media and more. 

While it is a challenge for companies to continually grow, and publicly traded companies are under even more pressure to do so, mathematically, growth becomes harder if you are losing customers from your key customer base. 

If you make your customers believe you do not care about them and their relationship with your brand and company, it is going to be very difficult for you to be successful in your business. This is the stark reality many businesses who have sought out new customers have faced lately. It’s fine to reach new customers, but you must do it carefully and in a way that doesn’t simultaneously burn goodwill with your existing customers. 

New customers should never be treated better or given more weight than existing, loyal customers. 

In my own social media post resharing a video of a Cracker Barrel dining room remodel, I received thousands of interactions. Among the majority comments from long-time customers expressing their displeasure at the changes, one other comment stood out. The poster said, ‘I don’t eat there but it looks nice to me.’ 

And that is the crux of the issue. The poster is not a customer, and based on the comment, is not likely to become a customer. So, seeking her approval is not a revenue-enhancing win for the company. Maybe it gets some ROE (return on ego) points for the marketing team, but it doesn’t get ROI (return on investment) for shareholders.  

For Cracker Barrel, losing character in a time when corporatization is making everything around us bland and soulless feels like something enjoyable from the past is being killed off. And for a brand which has been based on nostalgia — from their décor to their nostalgic candy and wares in their adjacent store — it doesn’t make a lot of sense.  

I am a long-time Cracker Barrel patron. I stop in whenever I am on the road. And as a long-time customer, as well as business advisor and executive, I can tell you that Cracker Barrel’s logo was not their issue.  

My last stop in was in June on a road trip. I noted that I hadn’t been there in a while prior, because I hadn’t been on the road much. And in a moment where convenience is a part of the equation and DoorDash has taken hold of younger generations, it is harder to get touchpoints with a brand, even if you want them. This is a much bigger strategic endeavor that Cracker Barrel needs to think through. 

My other issue was the menu. They had taken off my favorite item and their hashbrown casserole tasted off — the food overall wasn’t as fresh as I had experienced in the past. In my social media post, there were several comments about a decline in food quality over recent years. Making the menu and food quality rock-solid is critical for a restaurant, particularly when consumers are trying to stretch their dollars. 

Cracker Barrel isn’t the first and certainly won’t be the last company to fall into the trap of thinking that all change is good. Companies should be bringing their customer voices to the table, which can be accomplished with a CCO whose job it is to know the customers well and advocate for them within the company or other loyalty specialist advising.  

Loyalty is hard to build and easy to lose. Companies always want to attract new customers, but that isn’t effective if relationships with existing customers aren’t nurtured at the same time. 

This post appeared first on FOX NEWS

Shares of Cracker Barrel Old Country Store plummeted roughly 10% on Thursday after the restaurant unveiled its new logo earlier this week as part of a larger brand refresh.

The new logo removes the image of a man leaning against a barrel that was prominently featured in the original, leaving behind just the words Cracker Barrel against a yellow background. The phrase “old country store” has also been removed.

The company said the colors in the logo were inspired by the chain’s scrambled eggs and biscuits.

Cracker Barrel’s new logo.Cracker Barrel

The change is part of a “strategic transformation” to revitalize the brand that started back in May 2024. Under that mission, Cracker Barrel’s brand refresh includes updates to visual elements, restaurant spaces and food and retail offerings.

Cracker Barrel said in March that the refresh will still maintain the brand’s “rich history of country hospitality” and “authentic charm that has made the brand a beloved destination for generations of families.”

“We believe in the goodness of country hospitality, a spirit that has always defined us. Our story hasn’t changed. Our values haven’t changed,” Chief Marketing Officer Sarah Moore said in a media release.

However, many social media users have criticized the new logo, especially those in conservative circles. The president’s son, Donald Trump Jr., amplified a post on Wednesday suggesting that the logo change was led by CEO Julie Felss Masino to erase the American tradition aspect of the branding and make it more general, as a way of leaning into diversity, equity and inclusion efforts.

Conservative activist Robby Starbuck added his commentary on Thursday, writing in a post on X, “Good morning @CrackerBarrel! You’re about to learn that wokeness really doesn’t pay.”

The company has a relatively small market cap of about $1.2 billion compared with other restaurant chains.

Customers have also complained on social media about the interior redesign of many Cracker Barrel restaurants, saying that the new decor favors a more sterile and modern style over its tried-and-true country feel.

On the restaurant’s latest earnings call in June, Masino said Cracker Barrel had completed 20 remodels and 20 refreshes. She said the company will be sharing more information about the remodeling initiative in September.

“Employees had given us great feedback about working in those newly remodeled and refreshed stores and guests continue to tell us that they’re lighter, brighter, more welcoming and they’re enjoying them,” Masino said on the call.

Cracker Barrel is not the only stock to see large swings based on political social media posts.

Earlier this month, shares of American Eagle soared after Trump posted that an ad featuring Sydney Sweeney, which faced significant social media pushback from the left, was “the ‘HOTTEST’ ad out there.”

Back in 2023, Anheuser-Busch InBev faced heavy criticism from conservatives after a collaboration between Bud Light and social influencer Dylan Mulvaney, who is transgender.

This post appeared first on NBC NEWS

Investor Insight

Horizon Minerals’ near-term cash-flow potential, large-scale gold resource base, and strategic processing infrastructure in the prolific Western Australian Goldfields position the company to transition into a sustainable, standalone mid-tier gold producer. Recent acquisitions, operational start-ups and high-grade resource expansions strengthen Horizon’s ability to leverage record gold prices and deliver consistent shareholder returns.

Overview

Horizon Minerals (ASX:HRZ,OTC:HRZMF) is an emerging standalone gold producer strategically positioned in the heart of Western Australia’s world-class goldfields. The company has built a robust portfolio of high-quality gold projects complemented by significant base and precious metal resources, all within easy haulage distance of key processing infrastructure.

Horizon currently holds 1.8 Moz of resources across 1,386 sq km of exploration tenure.

Following the transformational merger with Poseidon Nickel in early 2025 and the acquisition of the Gordons project in August 2025, Horizon now controls a total mineral resource of 1.82 million ounces (Moz) of gold at an average grade of 1.84 grams per ton (g/t), along with substantial silver, zinc, nickel, cobalt and manganese resources.

Central to Horizon’s growth strategy is the 2.2 Mtpa Black Swan processing facility, acquired through the Poseidon transaction. Located just 40 km north of Kalgoorlie, the plant is currently on care and maintenance but is fully permitted and connected to power and water. A low-capex refurbishment and conversion to a gold CIL circuit is underway, forming the backbone of Horizon’s plan to establish a sustainable ~100,000 ounce per annum production profile from late 2026.

The Black Swan processing facility is at the heart of Horizon’s stand-alone gold production strategy.

In parallel, Horizon is generating strong near-term cash flow from ore sales and toll milling arrangements at its Boorara and Phillips Find operations, respectively, both of which have delivered first gold in 2025. These operations, together with high-grade satellite deposits such as Burbanks, Penny’s Find, Cannon and the newly acquired Gordons Dam, will provide the feedstock for Black Swan’s initial five-year mine plan.

The company’s consolidated 1,386 sq km landholding spans some of the most prospective geological trends in the Goldfields, offering a mix of advanced development assets, near-mill open pits, and highly prospective exploration ground. With approximately 50,000 metres of drilling budgeted for FY25–26, Horizon is targeting both resource growth and upgrades in confidence across its portfolio.

Leveraging record gold prices and a strong balance sheet, Horizon is now at an inflection point – transitioning from a developer with multiple growth options into a fully integrated, cash-generating, standalone Western Australian gold producer.

Company Highlights

  • Emerging standalone gold producer with an extensive WA Goldfields portfolio and a total mineral resource of 1.82 million ounces gold plus significant silver, zinc, nickel, cobalt and manganese resources.
  • Acquisition of Poseidon Nickel delivers the 2.2 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) Black Swan processing facility, strategically located 40 km north of Kalgoorlie, with refurbishment studies underway for conversion to a gold carbon-in-leach (CIL) plant.
  • Acquisition of the Gordons project from Yandal Resources adds 77 sq km of tenure near Black Swan, including the Gordons Dam deposit (365 kt @ 1.7 grams per ton gold for 20 koz) with strong exploration upside.
  • Continuous cash flow generation from two producing mines, via the ore sale agreement for Boorara (~AU$30 million estimated free cashflow at AU$3,600/oz) and the joint venture toll milling agreement at Phillips Find.
  • Record gold prices (>AU$5,000/oz) underpin robust margins and fund ~50,000 metres of drilling in FY25–26, targeting both resource growth and confidence upgrades.
  • Combined landholding of 1,386 sq km in Western Australia’s most productive gold belts, following the Poseidon and Gordons acquisitions

Key Projects

Boorara Gold Project

The Boorara gold project, located just 15 kilometres east of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, is Horizon’s cornerstone operation and the foundation of its near-term cashflow strategy. Over the past decade, extensive reverse circulation and diamond drilling has defined a substantial JORC 2012 mineral resource of 10.53 Mt grading 1.27 g/t gold for 428,000 ounces. Boorara is strategically positioned within trucking distance of multiple third-party processing facilities and only two kilometres from Horizon’s 100-percent-owned Nimbus silver-zinc project.

Mine operations at the Boorara gold project

Open pit mining commenced in August 2024, marking the start of Horizon’s transition to gold production. First ore was exposed and mined in late September 2024, with the inaugural gold pour achieved in January 2025. Mining operations are planned over approximately 14 months, with processing to occur over 19 months. A binding ore sale agreement with Paddington Gold provides for the processing of 1.24 Mt of Boorara ore at their Paddington mill until Q2 2026. The agreement is forecast to deliver more than AU$30 million in free cash flow at a gold price of AU$3,600/oz, with upside potential given current spot prices exceeding AU$5,000/oz.

Importantly, Boorara is not just a standalone deposit; it is the central baseload feed source in Horizon’s integrated production plan. It will be supplemented by higher-grade satellite ore from projects such as Burbanks, Penny’s Find, Cannon, Phillips Find and Gordons Dam. This blend of tonnage and grade is designed to optimise mill feed once Black Swan is recommissioned, extending the life of mine and improving overall project economics..

Phillips Find Gold Project

The Phillips Find gold project, 45 kilometres northwest of Coolgardie, is a high-grade goldfield with a production history of about 33,000 ounces. Horizon is advancing the project under a low-risk joint venture with BML Ventures, which funds and manages all mining and operational activities.

First ore was mined in late 2024, with the initial gold pour in February 2025 from toll treatment at FMR Investments’ Greenfields mill. Early campaigns processed 56,300 dry tonnes at 1.63 g/t gold for 2,807 ounces, sold at an average AU$4,894/oz, generating approximately AU$13.7 million in gross revenue to the JV.

Milling agreements include capacity at the Greenfields mill from February to June 2025 and a September-October 2025 campaign for 70,000 tonnes at Focus Minerals’ Three Mile Hill plant. An additional 80,000 tonnes of capacity has been reserved at Greenfields for future ore, giving Horizon strong processing flexibility while complementing production from Boorara and other satellite deposits.

Burbanks Gold Project

Horizon’s high-grade growth asset, the Burbanks gold project, lies nine kilometres southeast of Coolgardie on the prolific Burbanks Shear Zone. With historical production exceeding 420,000 ounces, Burbanks now hosts 465,000 ounces at 2.80 g/t gold across open pit and underground resources. The deposit remains open in all directions, and recent drilling has demonstrated strong potential for significant extensions, with a major 30,000 metre drill campaign underway to support the Black Swan five-year mine plan.

Gordons Project

In August 2025, Horizon expanded its near-mill project pipeline with the acquisition of the Gordons project from Yandal Resources. This 77 sq km package, only 10 kilometres from the Black Swan facility, includes the Gordons Dam deposit with 20,000 ounces in resource and multiple drill-ready prospects, such as Star of Gordon and Malone. The strategic location and exploration upside of Gordons make it an ideal fit for Horizon’s centralised processing strategy.

Black Swan Processing Facility

Existing flotation circuit and planned changes to facilitate gold production at Black Swan

At the heart of Horizon’s stand-along gold production strategy is the Black Swan processing facility, secured through a February 2025 merger with Poseidon Nickel. This 2.2 Mtpa concentrator, currently on care and maintenance, is being refurbished and converted to include a gold CIL circuit. All necessary approvals are in place, and engineering studies led by GR Engineering are progressing towards first gold production from Black Swan in late 2026. The plant’s location and capacity offer Horizon the ability to unlock value from its own resources and potentially treat stranded third-party ores.

Other Projects

Cannon Underground Project

  • Fully permitted high-grade underground project 30km ESE of Kalgoorlie
  • Pre-feasibility study complete

Penny’s Find

  • High-grade UG project with MRE of 0.43Mt @ 4.57g/t Au for 63koz
  • Pre-feasibility completed December 2024

Nimbus Silver-Zinc Project

  • 12.1 Mt @ 52 g/t silver, 0.2 g/t gold, 0.9 percent zinc for 20.2 Moz silver, 77 koz gold, 104 kt zinc
  • High-grade core: 0.26 Mt @ 774 g/t silver, 12.8 percent zinc
  • Concept study supports concentrate production pathway

Management Team

Ashok Parekh – Non-executive Chairman

Ashok Parekh has over 33 years of experience advising mining companies and service providers in the mining industry. He has spent many years negotiating mining deals with publicly listed companies and prospectors, leading to new IPOs and the initiation of new gold mining operations. Additionally, he has been involved in managing gold mining and milling companies in the Kalgoorlie region, where he has served as managing director for some of these firms. Parekh is well-known in the West Australian mining industry and has a highly successful background in owning numerous businesses in the Goldfields. He was the executive chairman of ASX-listed A1 Consolidated Gold (ASX:AYC) from 2011 to 2014. He is a chartered accountant.

Warren Hallam – Non-executive Director

Warren Hallam is currently a non-executive director of St Barbara Limited and Poseidon Nickel Limited, and non-executive chairman of Kingfisher Mining Limited. Hallam has built a strong track record over 35 years in operations, corporate and senior leadership roles across multiple commodities. This includes previous Managing Director roles at Metals X Limited, Millenium Metals and Capricorn Metals. Hallam is a metallurgist with a Master in Mineral Economics from Curtin University.

Grant Haywood – Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer

Grant Haywood brings over three decades of experience in both underground and open-cut mining operations. During his career, he has served in senior leadership capacities in various mining companies, guiding them from feasibility through to development and operations. His experience spans various roles within junior and multinational gold mining companies, predominantly in the Western Australian goldfields, including positions at Phoenix Gold, Saracen Mineral Holdings, and Gold Fields. He is a graduate of the Western Australian School of Mines (WASM) and has also earned a Masters in Mineral Economics from the same institution.

Julian Tambyrajah – Chief Financial Officer & Company Secretary

Julian Tambyrajah is an accomplished global mining finance executive with more than 25 years of industry expertise. He is a certified public accountant and chartered company secretary. He has served as CFO of several listed companies including Central Petroleum (CTP), Crescent Gold (CRE), Rusina Mining NL, DRDGold, and Dome Resources NL. He has extensive experience in capital raising, some of which includes raising US$49 million for BMC UK, AU$122 million for Crescent Gold and AU$105 million for Central Petroleum.

Stephen Guy – Chief Geologist

Stephen Guy is a geologist with over 25 years of experience in the mining industry, specialising in exploration, production, and project start-ups for both open pit and underground operations. His career spans key regions in Australia, including Western Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland, where he has collaborated with leading companies such as BHP, Newcrest, St Barbara Gold, Fortescue Metals Group (FMG), and Gindalbie Metals. Guy’s expertise covers a diverse range of commodities, including gold, copper, nickel, base metals, and iron ore.

Rob Waugh – Non-Executive Director

Rob Waugh is a senior mining executive with more than 35 years’ experience in the resources sector, operating predominantly in gold and base metals. With a strong track record of exploration and discovery success, Waugh has held senior exploration management roles at WMC Resources and BHP and was previously the managing director of Musgrave Minerals, which was acquired for AU$200 million by Ramelius Resources in 2023.

This post appeared first on investingnews.com

Stefan Gleason, CEO of Money Metals, shares his outlook for gold, silver and platinum.

He also weighs in on Tether Investments’ recent deal with Elemental Altus Royalties (TSXV:ELE,OTCQX:ELEMF) and advances in US sound money policies.

Securities Disclosure: I, Charlotte McLeod, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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Alice Queen (ASX:AQX) is a gold exploration company focused on district-scale discoveries and near-term production opportunities. Its flagship asset is the Viani Gold Project in Fiji, where early drilling indicates a major epithermal gold system, comparable to other systems along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Fiji itself hosts the 10 Moz Vatukoula Gold Mine, underscoring the region’s proven prospectivity. With a portfolio spanning both the Pacific Ring of Fire and Australia’s most prolific gold belts, Alice Queen combines strong geological potential with strategic access to capital.

The company’s secondary asset, Horn Island, hosts over half a million ounces of gold in a JORC-compliant resource. A 2021 scoping study indicated an NPV of more than AU$500 million, based on an internal update using AU$5,000/oz gold. Ongoing discussions with development partners aim to unlock value from this project, which has the potential to generate over AU$800 million in free cash flow across an eight-year mine life.

Alice Queen’s shareholder base is anchored by Gage Resource Development (51 percent) and supported by significant, well-funded Australian investors with a long-term outlook. The company is advancing a balanced strategy focused on drilling success, strategic partnerships, and asset-level monetization.

Company Highlights

  • High-impact Discovery at Viani in Fiji: Drilling at the Viani project has confirmed a significant low-sulphidation epithermal gold system with mineralization over a ~5 km strike, with assay results from recent drilling expected imminently.
  • Established Gold Resource at Horn Island: The Horn Island project hosts a 524,000 oz JORC-compliant gold resource and is being advanced through potential development partnerships, offering near-term monetization opportunities.
  • Strategic Financial Backing: Backed by major shareholder Gage Resource Development, a subsidiary of Beijing-based Gage Capital (US$1.6 billion AUM), ensuring access to growth capital and long-term support.
  • Exceptional Leadership: Led by a highly experienced management team with a successful track record in global business and resource development.

This Alice Queen Limited profile is part of a paid investor education campaign.*

Click here to connect with Alice Queen (ASX:AQX) to receive an Investor Presentation

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Copper has become a hot topic due to its role in the green energy transition and its necessity for urbanization. However, the lack of incoming supply in the long term has experts concerned.

Due to its importance in construction, energy transmission and new technologies, copper is a critical metal needed to power the future of our society. However, mined supply has not kept pace with demand, with few new operations coming online, and older mines facing decreasing grades and lower outputs.

The term “peak copper” was coined because some experts believe that copper reserves may be diminishing. According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), more than 700 million metric tons of copper have been mined throughout history, and current economic global copper reserves stand at 980 million metric tons.

Nearly all of that mined copper is still in circulation, as the red metal’s recycling rate is higher than that of any other engineering metal, but it is still not enough to keep up with escalating demand. As a result, it’s prudent to know the top copper reserves by country, especially when considering investing in the copper mining industry.

Reserve data for this article was sourced from the USGS’s 2025 Mineral Commodity Summary and supplemented with datasets from Mining Data Online (MDO) and the UN Comtrade Database.

Top 5 copper reserves by country

The countries with the largest copper reserves are Chile, Australia, Peru, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Russia. These five countries hold more than 55 percent of the world’s total copper reserves and will be critical to a world with soaring demand for copper.

Read on to learn about these copper kingpins.

1. Chile

Copper reserves: 190 million metric tons

Chile holds the largest copper reserves globally at 190 million metric tons, nearly as much as Australia and Peru hold combined. Additionally, Chile is also the world’s top copper producer, with its 5.3 million metric tons of copper in 2024 representing nearly a quarter of global output.

The mining industry is essential to the Chilean economy, making up more than 50 percent of the country’s exports and contributing US$40 billion of its GDP in 2023. Copper alone accounting for more than US$29 billion of that total.

Due to the sheer quantity of copper in the country, it should come as no surprise that Chile is home to the world’s largest copper mine, Escondida. According to MDO, Escondida produced 927,000 metric tons of copper in concentrate in 2024 and sits atop proven and probable copper reserves of 37.62 million metric tons. The mine is a 57.5/30/12.5 joint venture between BHP (ASX:BHP,NYSE:BHP,LSE:BHP), Rio Tinto (ASX:RIO,NYSE:RIO,LSE:RIO) and Japan’s JECO.

2. Australia

Copper reserves: 100 million metric tons

Australian copper reserves are pegged at 100 million metric tons, tying it for the second largest country by copper reserves. The resource industry is an essential sector in Australia, contributing AU$385 billion during the 2024/2025 fiscal year. Of that, copper was the sixth largest contributor with AU$13.2 billion, a AU$1.8 billion increase over 2023/2024.

While Australia hosts significant copper reserves, it lags the other countries on the list with similarly sized reserves in terms of production at 800,000 metric tons in 2024. More than a quarter of that came from BHP’s Olympic Dam mine in South Australia, which produced 216,000 metric tons of copper cathode. The polymetallic mine contains substantial proven and probable copper reserves totaling 10.68 million metric tons.

Another significant operation in Australia is Newmont’s (TSX:NGT,NYSE:NEM,ASX:NEM) Cadia Valley mine, which hosts probable reserves of 3.1 million metric tons of contained copper. Cadia Valley produced 87,000 metric tons of copper in concentrate in 2024.

2. Peru

Copper reserves: 100 million metric tons

Copper reserves in Peru stand at 100 million metric tons, tying it with Australia for the second largest copper country. Much like its neighbor Chile, copper is an essential part of Peru’s economy, accounting for 49 percent of the value of its US$47.7 billion in mining exports.

Peru is home to some of the world’s biggest mining operations, and produced 2.6 million metric tons of copper last year. Two mines accounted for a third of the country’s total output.

The top producer in the country is the Cerro Verde Complex, a 55/21/19.6 venture with Freeport-McMoRan (NYSE:FCX), Sumitomo Metal Mining (TSE:5713) and Minas Buenaventura (NYSE:BVN). Cerro Verde hosts hosts proven and probable reserves of 11.45 million metric tons of copper and produced 949 million pounds of copper metal in concentrate in 2024.

Not to be outdone, the second highest is Antamina, a 33.75/33.75/22.5/10 joint venture between BHP, Glencore (LSE:GLEN,OTC Pink:GLCNF), Teck Resources (TSX:TECK.B,TSX:TECK.A,NYSE:TECK) and Mitsubishi (TSE:8058). Last year, output at the mine fell just short of Cerro Verde’s at 941 million pounds of copper in concentrate. Antamina hosts a proven and probable reserve of 4.53 million metric tons of contained copper.

The mine with the largest copper reserves in Peru is Southern Copper’s (NYSE:SCCO) Toquepala mine, home to 13.79 million metric tons of copper in proven and probable reserves. The mine produced 496 million pounds of copper in concentrate last year.

4. Democratic Republic of Congo

Copper reserves: 80 million metric tons

Copper reserves in the Democratic Republic of Congo stood at 80 million metric tons in 2024, making it the fourth largest country by copper reserves. The DRC’s economic copper reserves have seen a staggering rise in recent years, climbing from an estimated 19 million metric tons in 2019.

The mining sector has been critical to GDP growth in the DRC, with copper being the largest contributor. World Bank reports that the extraction sector has outpaced other segments of the DRC’s economy, increasing 12.8 percent in 2024, while non-mining sectors grew by only 3.2 percent.

According to data from the United Nations, in 2023 the DRC exported US$17 billion in refined copper and unwrought alloys, a large jump from US$7.34 billion in 2019. The country’s copper ore exports contributed US$2.16 billion in 2023, nearly double the US$1.11 billion four years prior.

Among the contributing factors in the rise in mining and export activity has been the development of the Lobito Corridor, which connects mineral-rich regions in Zambia, the DRC and Angola to the port at Lobito in Angola.

This link allows greater access for large-scale operations like Ivanhoe Mines (TSX:IVN) and Zijin Mining’s (HKEX:2899,SHA:601899) Kamoa-Kakula complex in the Southern DRC. One of the largest copper operations in the world, Kamoa-Kakula hosts a probable reserve of 17.69 million metric tons of contained copper and produced 964 million pounds of copper in concentrate in 2024.

4. Russia

Copper reserves: 80 million metric tons

Russia’s copper reserves are estimated to be 80 million metric tons, tying it with the DRC. While commodities are important to the Russian economy, contributing US$417 billion in 2024, the metals sector represented 15 percent of that total at US$60 billion.

Russia has been under significant sanctions since it invaded Ukraine in February 2022. According to the UN Comtrade Database, Russia’s copper exports from in 2021 were valued at US$5.98 billion.

In 2024, Russia produced 930,000 metric tons of copper, an increase from the 890,000 metric tons produced in 2023. Among the main contributing factors was a ramp-up in production at Udokan Copper’s Udokan mine in Siberia, which was expected to produce 135,000 metric tons in 2024 and, according to the mine’s website, hosts a JORC-compliant copper resource of 26.7 million metric tons.

Securities Disclosure: I, Dean Belder, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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